2 Samuel 15:2

Authorized King James Version

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And Absalom rose up early, and stood beside the way of the gate: and it was so, that when any man that had a controversy came to the king for judgment, then Absalom called unto him, and said, Of what city art thou? And he said, Thy servant is of one of the tribes of Israel.

Original Language Analysis

וְהִשְׁכִּים֙ rose up early H7925
וְהִשְׁכִּים֙ rose up early
Strong's: H7925
Word #: 1 of 31
literally, to load up (on the back of man or beast), i.e., to start early in the morning
אַבְשָׁל֤וֹם And Absalom H53
אַבְשָׁל֤וֹם And Absalom
Strong's: H53
Word #: 2 of 31
abshalom, a son of david; also (the fuller form) a later israelite
וְעָמַ֕ד and stood H5975
וְעָמַ֕ד and stood
Strong's: H5975
Word #: 3 of 31
to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 4 of 31
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
יַ֖ד beside H3027
יַ֖ד beside
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 5 of 31
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
דֶּ֣רֶךְ the way H1870
דֶּ֣רֶךְ the way
Strong's: H1870
Word #: 6 of 31
a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
הַשָּׁ֑עַר of the gate H8179
הַשָּׁ֑עַר of the gate
Strong's: H8179
Word #: 7 of 31
an opening, i.e., door or gate
וַיְהִ֡י H1961
וַיְהִ֡י
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 8 of 31
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 9 of 31
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הָאִ֣ישׁ and it was so that when any man H376
הָאִ֣ישׁ and it was so that when any man
Strong's: H376
Word #: 10 of 31
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
אֲשֶֽׁר H834
אֲשֶֽׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 11 of 31
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
יִֽהְיֶה H1961
יִֽהְיֶה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 12 of 31
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
לּוֹ H0
לּוֹ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 13 of 31
רִיב֩ that had a controversy H7379
רִיב֩ that had a controversy
Strong's: H7379
Word #: 14 of 31
a contest (personal or legal)
לָב֨וֹא came H935
לָב֨וֹא came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 15 of 31
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 16 of 31
near, with or among; often in general, to
הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ to the king H4428
הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ to the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 17 of 31
a king
לַמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט for judgment H4941
לַמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט for judgment
Strong's: H4941
Word #: 18 of 31
properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, ind
וַיִּקְרָ֨א called H7121
וַיִּקְרָ֨א called
Strong's: H7121
Word #: 19 of 31
to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
אַבְשָׁל֤וֹם And Absalom H53
אַבְשָׁל֤וֹם And Absalom
Strong's: H53
Word #: 20 of 31
abshalom, a son of david; also (the fuller form) a later israelite
אֵלָיו֙ H413
אֵלָיו֙
Strong's: H413
Word #: 21 of 31
near, with or among; often in general, to
וַיֹּ֕אמֶר art thou And he said H559
וַיֹּ֕אמֶר art thou And he said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 22 of 31
to say (used with great latitude)
אֵֽי Of what H335
אֵֽי Of what
Strong's: H335
Word #: 23 of 31
where? hence how?
מִזֶּ֥ה H2088
מִזֶּ֥ה
Strong's: H2088
Word #: 24 of 31
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
עִיר֙ city H5892
עִיר֙ city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 25 of 31
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
אַ֔תָּה H859
אַ֔תָּה
Strong's: H859
Word #: 26 of 31
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
וַיֹּ֕אמֶר art thou And he said H559
וַיֹּ֕אמֶר art thou And he said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 27 of 31
to say (used with great latitude)
מֵֽאַחַ֥ד is of one H259
מֵֽאַחַ֥ד is of one
Strong's: H259
Word #: 28 of 31
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
שִׁבְטֵֽי of the tribes H7626
שִׁבְטֵֽי of the tribes
Strong's: H7626
Word #: 29 of 31
a scion, i.e., (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting, ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a clan
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 30 of 31
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃ Thy servant H5650
עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃ Thy servant
Strong's: H5650
Word #: 31 of 31
a servant

Analysis & Commentary

And Absalom rose up early, and stood beside the way of the gate: and it was so, that when any man that had a controversy came to the king for judgment, then Absalom called unto him, and said, Of what city art thou? And he said, Thy servant is of one of the tribes of Israel.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Absalom's Rebellion, emphasizing betrayal, trusting God in exile. Absalom's conspiracy demonstrates calculating betrayal and political manipulation. David's flight from Jerusalem parallels later exile experiences, developing themes of trusting God during devastating reversals. The Hebrew emphasizes Absalom's patient, methodical undermining of David's authority. Cross-references to Psalms written during this period (Psalms 3, 63) reveal David's spiritual responses to political catastrophe.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 15 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding betrayal, trusting God in exile provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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